Vulture Conservation

Arulagam

Vulture Conservation

Legendary poet ‘Subramania Bharathi’s and Vulture
On the eve of the Centenary death anniversary of legendary poet and freedom fighter Subramania Bharathi, ‘Arulagam’ organisation commemorate his memory by linking with vulture conservation

Poet Bharathiar was not only raised the voice for the nation but also for the nature, universe,  the birds, mountains…..etc..,

When poet Subramania Bharathi wrote a poem (“Muppadhu Kodi Mugamudaiyal…,) in 1920’s,  India had 300 million people and the number of vultures at that time in Indian landscape totalled more than 4 million. Just less than a hundred years later, our human population raced up to 1.3 billion. And the vultures?

They are barely surviving, just a thousand of them!.

To highlight the plight of a vultures, and to observe the International Vulture Awareness Day, 'Arulagam' utilised that opportunity and conducted  a unique programme, titled, ‘Poet Bharathi and Vulture’ on  the centenary death anniversary.

An exhibition was also organised by Department of Museum, Government of Tamil Nadu at Udhagamadalam, Tamil Nadu on September, 11, 2021. Some of the rare portrait of Poet Bharathi was displayed.’Arulagam', joined hands with the museum and released the audio, ‘Voice of the Vultures’ in nine different languages viz, Tamil, English, Hindi, Malayalam, Kannada, Telugu, German, Swedish and Spanish. It was well received by the audience.

Please allow us to quote some of the lines from Bharathi’s poem
"Kaakai Kuruvi Engal Jaadhi
Neel Kadalum Malaiyum engal koottam"
(The Birds are our clans, the mountains and the oceans are our partners)

‘Vanil parakkum pullellam naan’

“I am the birds in the sky’.

‘Vittu Viduthalai aki nirpai anthac chittu kurviyaipola’
Stay liberated –
Like this little sparrow

Above lines are just an example. If he were alive now, he would have written the plight of vultures too.

Arulagam team (Organiser of the event) expressed that, by observing his death anniversary,  the message on vulture conservation also got attention among the general audience. More over, Vultures are often described in negative connotation by cartoonist and fiction writers. To break that myth on vulture, we used to conduct this kind of programmes.

The programme was well received by the student community and common public. The exhibition was declared open by  women group members, journalist Ms. Shantha and tribal women Ms. Thayammal.

This program was hosted by Mr. M. Murugavel (Museum Curator) Udhagamandalam. Mr. S. Bharathidasan  Secretary of ‘Arulagam’ gave a welcome note to the public and alert the harmful effects of veterinary drugs to the vultures. Dr. B. Ramakrishnan (Assistant Professor, Department of Wildlife Biology) Government Arts College, Udagamandalam gave a brief speech on different species of vultures found in Niligiri Biosphere Reserve. Mr. H. Byju (Ecologist) shared his experience on vultures based on his book “Valley of hope – Moyar and Vulture” to the public.

Compensation for the cattle kill was also distributed on the same day among 10 beneficiaries who lost their livestock in and around Mudhumalai Tiger Reserve by wild predators. So far the compensation was given to 50 beneficiaries in within 9 months. This morotorium grant was streamlined with the help of by Mariyamma Charitable Trust, Bandipur (Karnataka) and WWF -India.

S. Bharathidasan, Secretary of 'Arulagam' said in the last nine months, 50 incidents of tiger and leopard attacks on cow and goats were reported in Bokkapuram, Siriyur, Moyar, Anaikatty, and Vazhaithottam  villages in the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve (MTR). Apart from giving interim relief, our team is also helping to claim compensation from Government by voluntarily arranging 'No Objection Certificate (NOC) from the Village Administrative Officer (VAO), local Veterinarian and Forest Department.

Mr. Vidhyadaran, Assistant Conservator Forest (Retired) assurence to help them claiming on Compensation. The vote of thanks was given by Mr. S. Maniganden (Research Scholar) and Mr. J. Paul Immanuel Rajaseelan (Researcher) coordinated the program.

The digital display board with nine different language audio was developed with the support of Rufford Foundation and Van Tien Hoven Foundation. It was donated to the Government Museum by 'Bharathidasan.S, Secretary, 'Arulagam'.

Ladies and Gentlemen, Poet Bharathi for you!  

Born into poverty, died in poverty but lived a rich life in poetry. Still living through it and will lever forever with it.

Poet Bharathi, who passed away in 1921, was unlike any the world had seen before, or after.

The Keats, Byrons and Miltons of the world were torch bearers for poetry from lands of riches. Riches that enabled them to dream about love, pain, lost paradises and so on.

Bharathi was the voice of a Nation whose soul was enslaved for hundreds of years and not yet completely free even now.

His voice was the voice of The Universe, the joy, the suffering, the gods, the common folks, the hope, all embracing force called life!

His empathy for poor became

"Thani Oruvanukku Unavillai Enil Jagathai Azhipppom"
(What is the value of the Universe if it cannot feed a hungry stomach?)

His cherishment of Valour became

"Akkini Kunjondru Kanden. Adhai Aangor Kaatidai Pondhinil Vaithen. Vendhu Thanindhadhu Kaadu. Thazhal Veerathil kunjendrum moopendrum undo?"

(Even a spark can burn down a forest; what difference it makes between a spark and a torch?)


His anguish on human pride and prejudice became
"Nenju Porukkudhillaiye Indha Nilai Ketta Manidharai Ninaithuvittaal"
(The heart breaks at the very thought of the ineptitude of people whose lives are filled with myths and superstitions)

His love of unity bacame
"Muppadhu Kodi Mugamudaiyal
Seppu Mozhi Pathinettudaiyaal
Enil Sindhani ondrudaiyaal"

(Though our land is of diverse languages and cultures, our thoughts are singular).

The poet who lived like the king of kings in his poetic riches, died a pauper but the riches he left for us have lit up our hearts and minds with the power of Hope, the power of Positivity and the power of Earnest desire...long after the Sun had set in the Empire that enslaved his Nation.

These lights shall never dim.

Liberation – Little Sparrow
(Original poem by Bharaithyar)
Stay liberated –
Like this little sparrow
In eight directions, it flies and roams,
Into the air, it ascends; swims rapidly through,
In measureless abundance lay,
The sky awash in light, is the nectar it savors
Converse felicity with the she-sparrow, in exultation;
Free of affliction, build a nest
Nurture the hatchling that emerges from the egg and rejoice,
First feed the youngling, engulf in love
From the yards of homes and open fields,
Gather the grains that are found, bring home and partake;
In other times, tell stories and slumber; afterward
Long before dawn, sing a song and wake up.

INTERNATIONAL VULTURE AWARENESS DAY - 6th SEP 2025

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    The sixth of September every year marks a very important milestone in our relationship with vultures- the most misunderstood group of birds in the world.
    IVAD came into being in 2009, when individual organizations from South Africa and England came together to make the day a global event. It is now religiously
    observed every year by conservation organizations like us-we here at Arulagam use this opportunity every year to preach the word on the importance of vultures to us,
    to our ecosystem and ultimately, to the rich biodiversity on our planet earth.

    This year, the Vultures have been given a voice and they talk to us about why they need our help! Listen on:

    Tamil

    English

    Hindi

    Telugu

    Malayalam

     

    Arulagam, nestled in the heart of South India , stands as a beacon of hope for the region's critically endangered vulture populations. This dedicated organization has emerged as a crucial force in the fight against the drastic decline of these vital scavengers. Through tireless efforts encompassing rescue, rehabilitation, research, and community engagement, Arulagam is making significant strides in understanding and mitigating the threats that vultures face, striving to secure a future for these ecologically important birds( Keystone Species ). Their unwavering commitment underscores the urgent need for conservation action and offers a compelling narrative of dedication in the face of environmental challenges.

    Saving Vultures

    A collective approach to strengthening the Vulture Safe Zone in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR), South India

    Arulagam has been passionately involved in establishing a long term vulture conservation programme and has played a significant role in championing policy level changes. Arulagam played a critical role in campaigning for the ban of NSAIDs such as Diclofenac, Ketoprofen, Nimesulide, and Aceclofenac and has been passionate about vultures and their conservation in Tamil Nadu.  Arulagam continues to advocate for vulture conservation through natural history studies, community participation programmes and grassroots activism. 

    Vultures are obligate scavengers and play a vital role in ecosystem regulation, by mitigating the spread of diseases. Four species of vultures are of particular importance namely White Rumped Vulture (Gyps benghalensis), Red Headed Vultures (Sarcogyps calvus), Long billed vulture (Gyps indicus) and Egyptian Vulture (Neophran percnopterus) (Insert pics of vultures).

    Our work focuses on :

    • Addressing the data lacuna on vulture habitat and ecology: the existent data deficiency of vultures and lack of region specific data is threatening the vulture population- through extensive field surveys and radio telemetry to study vulture habitat, distribution patterns, home range expanse, feeding ecology and conservation threats, Arulagam is working to address the data lacuna.
    • Monitor NSAID prevalence: through market research, field surveys and carcass tissue sampling. This will help in establishing prevalence of NSAIDS, including the banned drugs, and/or other toxins, and therefore pave the way for appropriate policy measures.
    • Establish a mobile veterinary care service covering 10 identified villages within the vulture safe zone. The limited access to quality veterinary care in tribal cattle-rearing communities leads to increased self-medication of livestock with harmful NSAIDs, further exacerbating the ecological crisis. The MVC unit will conduct daily on-site inspections of livestock, focusing on disease identification and assessment, provide prompt, accurate veterinary care to address prevalent cattle diseases and prevent zoonotic disease outbreaks.
    • Establish Vulture focused bird tourism in targeted villages in the Niligire Biosphere Reserve to promote and encourage ecological sensitivity amongst local communities, and foster trust and gratitude for vultures and the role they play in sustaining the ecosystem and ecological health.
    • Arulagam is working to establish ‘South India Vulture Action  Group’ (SIVAG), an interdisciplinary partnership network of organizations, conservationists, and scientists to further holistic conservation for vultures

     

    Drug Controller Raid

    Drug Inspectors investigate reports of human painkillers being used for cattle


    The State Drug Control Department is investigating reports of a painkiller meant for human use being diverted for veterinary purposes in the hilly areas of Western Tamil Nadu. It may be recalled that the particular painkiller meant for cattle had already been banned, as the remains of the drug in the carcass of cattle endangered the lives of vultures. Pharmacies located in Gudalur, Thalavadi, and Sathyamangalam, besides Sirumugai, Mettupalayam and Annur, have been put under surveillance following reports of Diclofenac Sodium being sold for use for treating sick cattle.

    White-backed vulture chick rescue, rehabilitation and release

    Written by S. Bharathidasan and Mrs. Vaidehi Herbert

    On September 7, the International Vulture Awareness Day aimed to bring awareness to vulture conservation activities and the threats that some species are facing. Here S. Bharathidasan from Arulagam, an NGO working towards the conservation of fauna and flora in Tamil Nadu, India, writes about his recent experience saving a white-backed vulture chick.

    A robust scavenger, the Critically Endangered white-backed vulture (Gyps bengalensis) was once described as “possibly the most abundant large bird of prey in the world.” But an extremely rapid population decline (more than 99 percent) resulted from the birds ingesting the carcasses of animals treated with Diclofenac, an anti-inflammatory drug used to treat domestic livestock.

    With the support of CEPF through its investment in the Western Ghats Region of India, Arulagam and Saving Asia’s Vulture from Extinction (SAVE) have devised a plan for a vulture safe zone – an area around Moyar Valley in India with a radius of up to 100 kilometers where vultures can find food that is diclofenac free.

    Earlier this year, while searching for vultures with the Arulagam vulture research team near Thalamalai, India, a vulture chick that had fallen from its nest was discovered by vulture volunteers in Siriur. Unable to fly, the chick needed rescuing immediately. Although rushing to Siriur meant that I had to put off finishing a report due to the Ministry of Environment and Forest, the vulture chick rescue was the most important matter to me.

    When we reached Masinakudi, a 3.5-hour car ride away from where we were, I bought glucose water and goat meat for the vulture chick, which was sent with the team. I had completed my report during the car ride, so I went to email the report, and then catch a bus to join the rescue team in Siriur. By the time I reached the team that night, the chick had been taken to the forest guards’ quarters. We worked with the forest department staff to cut bamboo, stripping its leaves, to make a nest for the chick. We then checked the chick for wounds and bruises, checked its stool and weighed the bird. Luckily, everything seemed to be okay. Because the chick weighed only 2.7 kilograms (approximately 6 pounds), we estimated it to be around 90 days old and determined that its wings were not fully grown.

    Before this, I had only seen vulture chicks through binoculars. It was absolutely delightful to see the chick now in such close quarters. In rescue situations, it is traditional to make a fake bird that looks like an adult vulture and feed food to the chick through its beak. There are two benefits to this method: the chick will eat without fear or shyness, and unnecessary contact with humans can be avoided so they can survive when released and not be dependent on humans. We were unable to do that in this case, so I held the chick and attempted to feed it pieces of chopped up goat meat that were soaked in glucose water.

    The next day Dr. Manoharan, a wildlife veterinarian, came and confirmed that the chick was healthy. He praised our rescue efforts and suggested that we feed the chick different kinds of meat, instead of the same kind every day. I then got in touch with veterinarian Jeganmohan, a friend of Arulagam, who suggested the homeopathy medicine Aconyte for the chick to help reduce the shock effects from falling from its nest. He sent this by courier service and we mixed it in glucose water and added it to the meat that we fed the chick.

    After considering the targeted weight for the chick, we decided that we needed to feed it 600 grams (approximately 1.3 pounds) of meat a day, which we split into two meals. Since using Diclofenac for cattle has not stopped completely, we decided to feed the chick only goat or pig meat. However, this was not so simple, due to the cost of goat meat and because we had to travel 27 kilometers to Masinakudi by bus. We struggled since the bus left in the morning and returned only in the evening.

    Having no refrigerator also presented problems. If we bought meat and left it out, it would become rotten or it might draw the attention of meat-eating wild animals. Nobody around had a refrigerator either, so even though it was expensive, we brought one from the Arulagam office. A family in the village happily offered their house to place the refrigerator.

    We appointed a vulture watcher to protect and feed the chick. We also asked to be informed if any cattle in town died naturally or were killed by a tiger, but the local culture did not allow us to feed a dead cow’s meat to the chick. We then arranged for a meat shop owner to send meat once every three days.

    Within two days, the chick started to eat on its own. In 18 days, it started to hold meat pieces with its feet and tear them apart, so we threw larger pieces into its cage. Once the chick weighed 3.1 kilograms (approximately 7 pounds), we increased the food to one kilogram (approximately 2 pounds) a day. We avoided human contact as much as we could, since we didn’t want the chick to start relying on people for food.

    The chick needed a larger space to spread its wings and learn to fly. To build a bigger cage nearby, the vulture brigades volunteers who spread the word about vulture conservation and the dangers of Diclofenac – and volleyball players from Anaikatti and Siriyur joined us to place bamboo crossbars together. We used old volleyball nets to protect the cage.

    We gently moved the chick to the new cage, where it spread and turned its wings in happiness. Since the chick was too young for us to determine its sex, we tagged it with an identification ring that the Bombay Natural History Society provided. This would allow us to easily identify the chick once released and determine its sex once it has matured.

    Ready to take off

    After 85 days, the chick was released. It was a memorable event for all of us. Initially the bird struggled, but then it slowly gained the ability to fly, and settled on a nearby tree. For four days the chick remained on the tree without eating, and on the fifth day it circled the sky and moved into the forest. Our team is now trying to track the chick.

    This rescue was a new experience for Arulagam and me. We were totally involved with the chick for three months and it gave us a lot of mental satisfaction. Since only a little more than 100 white-backed vultures live in the Moyar region in southern India, every effort must be made to protect them. By rescuing this chick, we were helping ensure the survival of the species. We were not worried about victory or failure, nor did we calculate the money spent. We looked at this chick as a member of the continuous life chain and trusted that from this one, a thousand will come.

    This was a group effort and I want to offer sincere thanks to the following people for their support and encouragement during the rescue period:Mr.Sukirtharaj Kovilpillai, district forest officer, Nilgiri North; Mr. Sivamani,assistant conservator of forest; Mr.R. Chellathurai, ranger, Siriyur; Mr.Sivakumar, Forester, ornithlogists Dr. Ranjit.Daniels(Care Earth Trust), Mr.C.Sasikumar (Malabar Natural History Society) and Dr. Raja Jeyapal (Salimali Center for Ornithology and Natural History); Mr.Mohanraj and Mr. Boominathan of World Wide Fund for Nature- India; Mr.Lokesh Kalyanasundaram (Coimbatore); Mr.M.Lenin Family; Mr.Balaji (Velicham); Mr.Amsa(Thiruppur); Mr.Melkis Raja; Mr. Raghunath (Artist); Arulagam team Mr.Venkatachalam; Mr.Anup; Ms.Revathi; Anaikkatti and Siriyur volleyball players; miva (for sponsoring transportation); Forest staff Mr.Rajagopal, Mr.B.Jaiganesh, Mr.R.Kannan, Mr.Prakash, Mr. Gunasekar and all the other forest staff who helped us; Our Special thanks to Mr.Pasavan (plot watcher) and Karthi (Volunteer).

    S. Bharathidasan, secretary of Arulagam, is the project leader of the CEPF-funded project “Right to Soar High Again: Establishing a Vulture Safe Zone in Southern India,” which aims to establish a vulture safe zone in the Mysore-Nilgiri-Sathyamangalam landscape, where no veterinary drugs harmful to vultures are present in cattle carcasses. Arulagam will develop targeted awareness raising and community engagement activities for the vulture safe zone, and undertake participatory research to evolve a long-term strategy for vulture conservation.

    Special Thanks to Mrs.Vaidehi herbert for translating this article from Tamil to English

    Vulture Awareness Program at Anaikatty School

    Date: September 22, 2012
    Venue: Primary School, Anakatty Tribal Village, Nilgiri District
    Organisers: Arulagam, Tamil Nadu Forest Department and District Education Department
    Target group: Tribal primary school students and teachers
    Purpose: To spread awareness about endangered vultures and threat to vulture populations because of Diclofenac drug.
    Medium: Personal interaction and printed materials.
    Funding / Collaboration: CEPF

    Vulture Awareness Program at Ayyampalayam

    Date: August 17, 2012
    Venue: Ayyampalayam Village, Coimbatore
    Organisers: Arulagam and NSS of Nirmala College for Women
    Target group: Local villagers owning cattle, Students and Nature lovers
    Purpose: To spread awareness about endangered vultures and threat to vulture populations because of Diclofenac drug.
    Medium: Human chain rally, play acting, personal interaction and printed materials.
    Funding / Collaboration: CEPF

    Vulture Conservation Campaign at Masinagudi

    Date: August 16, 2012
    Venue: Masinagudi Village, Nilgiri District
    Organisers: Arulagam, Tamil Nadu Forest Department and District Education Department
    Target group: Local students and teachers and Nature lovers of Masinagudi
    Purpose: To spread awareness about endangered vultures and threat to vulture populations because of Diclofenac drug.
    Medium: Human chain rally, personal interaction and printed materials.
    Funding / Collaboration: CEPF

    Vulture Conservation Workshop at Bhavanisagar

    Date: May 5, 2012
    Venue: RIRD Training Center, Bhavanisagar
    Organisers: Arulagam and Care Earth
    Target group: Vulture Watchers, Students and Nature lovers
    Purpose: To strengthen the capability of vulture watchers and to spread awareness about Diclofenac threat to Vultures.
    Medium: Presentations, personal interaction and printed materials.
    Fund / Collaboration : CEPF

    Kazhuguparvai - A Vulture Exhibition at Bannari

    Date: April 5, 2012
    Venue: Bannariamman Temple, Sathyamanglam Wildlife Sanctuary
    Organisers:  Arulagam and Care Earth
    Target group: Visitors of Temple festival and Nature lovers
    Purpose: To spread awareness about Vultures and treats due to Diclofenac drug and poisoning of carcass.
    Medium: Exhibits, personal interaction and printed materials.
    Fund / Collaboration : CEPF

    Vulture Conservation Exhibition at Kangayam Cattle Show

    Cattle Fair: Vellakoil Date: 19 January, 2012
    Venue: Pushpagiri Nagar; Karur Road, Vellakoil
    Organisers: Arulagam and Senaapathy Kangayam Cattle Research Foundation, Kuttapalayam.
    Target group: Cattle Owners and NGO's
    Purpose of Visit: To make contacts and awareness about impact of Diclofenac on Vultures.
    Medium: Announcement through Loudspeakers and personal interaction.
    Fund / Collaboration : CEPF

    Survey on Diclofenac use for Cattle

    Arulagam utilized the chance to conserve Vulture (Pinam Thinni Kalugu) with the support and guidance of Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS) and Royal Society for Protection of Birds (RSPB) through vulture advocacy program. About  99% of vulture population dramatically declined within the last two decades in India because of wide-spread usage of  anti-inflammatory drug Diclofenac and Ketoprofan.

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    'Arulagam' was founded in 2002 as a non-profit organisation in honour and memory of Mr. Arulmozhi, who inspired many of his friends, including ourselves – the members of Arulagam – through his commitment to environmental conservation. We believe that regardless of its value to humanity, every form of life and its ecosystem is unique.

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